年金是如何运作的?

什么是年金?

Typically, an annuity is one option of accumulating money 退休前, 和 eventually distributing money during 退休 or at your death. A significant concern for many people nearing or in 退休 is the thought of outliving their money. A 退休年金，有时被称为a 终身年金，是一个 pp王者电子官网合同 you purchase that can provide an income for life no matter how long you live, 或者是一个特定的时间段. 这是你的选择.

为什么要买年金?

没人知道会持续多久 退休 会持续下去. That means one of the biggest risks you face is outliving your money. 在退休, you’ll continue to face the basic costs of living, 比如住房, 食品杂货, 公用事业公司, 医疗保健和税收. By combining the income from an annuity along with Social 安全 benefits, you can help ensure that these basic costs are covered.

年金是如何运作的?

An annuity is a contract between the owner of the annuity 和 the company issuing it. You buy the annuity, 和 the company pays you interest on the money. 在某个年龄, you start taking the money out 和 you could receive payments for as long as you live. Some annuity types may help reduce the chance of outliving your 退休 income.

年金 和 人寿pp王者电子官网 are often mentioned in the same conversation because most annuity contracts are written by 人寿pp王者电子官网 公司. However, 人寿pp王者电子官网 is intended to meet the needs of the 受益人 after the death of the policyholder. 与 annuities, the intention is to provide additional income to policyholders during their 退休年.

T在这里 are distinct phases of annuity contracts.

• 积累阶段: The period of time after you purchase your annuity 和 before you start receiving payments. 在这个阶段, your investment will grow at a guaranteed or a variable rate of return, 典型的递延税项. Keep in mind that immediate annuities will not have an accumulation phase, as payments begin right after a person purchases the product.
• Annuitization阶段: When you start receiving payments, typically at 退休. This phase is also called annuity or payout phase. Depending on the annuity product you purchase, the amount 和 length of the payouts is different. 

年金的类别

有各种各样的 年金的种类 including immediate, deferred, fixed 和 可变年金. 直接vs. deferred category has to do with when your income payout begins. 固定vs. variable category has to do with how your contributions are invested.

即时年金

即时年金 generate income immediately after purchase. 你的钱提供了 、有担保的款项 to you that begin soon after you make your initial payment. Depending on the tax-qualified or non-tax-qualified status of your annuity, a portion or the entire payment can be included in your taxable income. The owner can elect to receive 、有担保的款项 for life, or elect payments to be made over a specified length of time (period 某些).

延期年金

延期支付年金 allow your investment to grow tax-deferred until you decide to start receiving income payments at some point in the future. And you can choose when you want to start receiving income payments. 延期支付年金 may also make sense for people who are looking for an additional way to save money for 退休, even when it is a few years down the road.

固定年金

与 fixed annuities, as with 可变年金, t在这里 is a risk component to consider. An insurance company accepts the investment risk 和 places money in high quality fixed-rate investments such as bonds. This allows the company to earn a stable fixed interest rate for a 某些 period of time.

变额年金

与 可变年金, the risk is taken by the policyholder, rather than by the insurance company since the money is placed in market-based investments. This may include stocks, bonds, mutual funds or money markets. You may have the option to move the money around among the different investments. In addition, the rate of return can vary based on the performance of the investments.

索引的年金

Indexed annuities have both fixed 和 variable annuity features. They offer a base guaranteed interest rate along with a rate of interest based on a 股票市场指数，比如S&P®500指数. This provides the opportunity for investment growth when the market performs well. An indexed annuity can be a complex product. Consider discussing all the features, 费用, surrender charges 和 any tax penalties with your insurance agent so that you underst和 how they work together before you purchase.

年金支付选择

When you purchase annuities, t在这里 are many payout options available. Here are some you can choose from:

• 人寿年金化期权. 与 this option you will get a payment for life 和 the amount is calculated based on the annuitant’s life expectancy. 
• Joint-life annuitization option. This option will allow your spouse to receive payments after you die. The payments are usually lower than the option above, as it is calculated based on life expectancy for both you 和 your spouse.
• 期 某些. The annuity is paid for the period of time you choose, 和 in the case that you die before the period ends, your beneficiary will receive payments for the remaining of the chosen term.
• 生活 有保证期限. 与 this option you will receive income for life 和 may choose a guaranteed period for your 受益人. In the case that you die before the guaranteed period, your 受益人 will receive payments until that chosen term is over.
• 系统的取款. You decide payment amounts 和 the number of months you want the payments to be, depending on how much your account is. You may outlive your payments with this option.
• 肿块 笔付款. If you decide to take a lump 笔付款, you will need to pay ordinary income taxes on the investment gain portion of your annuity.

Consider having a conversation with a 金融专业 to help you decide if an annuity makes sense as part of your 退休 plan. If you'd like to talk about your 退休的目标 和 learn more about annuities, 您当地的状态 Farm®代理 也许能帮上忙.